نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی - پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 گروه حقوق خصوصی، دانشکدۀ حقوق، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران
2 گروه حقوق تجارت بینالملل و حقوق مالکیت فکری و فضای مجازی، دانشکدۀ حقوق، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Penalty [Fine] is one of the sanctions for frivolous lawsuits. Since this sanction is mentioned in the Note of Article 109 of the Civil Procedure Code briefly, there are several questions about it: First, can we imagine this sanction only after enacting the above code in 2000, or does this matter have a long history? Second, is the penalty imposed only on malicious lawsuits (frivolous lawsuits filed in bad faith), or like the American law, this sanction is applied in all bad faith lawsuits? Third, in contrast with American law, is the penalty imposed in the appellate procedure? Fourth, does imposing a penalty require a security for costs order, or is there no such requirement? Fifth, is it necessary to prove bad faith to impose a penalty, or is it sufficient to prove the absence of the plaintiff reasonable inquiry, as in American law? Sixth, unlike the approach of American law, what are the shortcomings of the court's limitation in determining the amount of the penalty? Answering these questions with a descriptive-analytical method and using library sources and judicial proceedings is the main goal of this article. In the end, while using the findings of the American Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, the following result is obtained: 1. The penalty that entered the Iranian legal system in 1960 is only related to malicious lawsuits; 2. Its application is possible in the appellate procedure; 3. It is applied regardless of the security for costs order; 4. It is applied after finding the plaintiff bad faith; and 5. Its ineffectiveness is obvious in non-monetary and insolvency lawsuits.
کلیدواژهها [English]
الف) فارسی
ب) انگلیسی