نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی - پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشیار گروه حقوق خصوصی دانشکدۀ حقوق دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران
2 استادیار دانشگاه گنبد کاووس، گنبد کاووس
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Payment order in EFT can be a negotiable instrument in two ways; it can be an instrument based on custom and regulation meaning that whether it should be considered as new instrument or be incorporated in one of the current instruments. In light of Iranian legal system and against Common law, it is not acceptable that a new negotiable instrument be created by custom because some characteristics of these instruments are opposed to the general rules or third party rights while Acts or regulations can only do it. Given the second situation, creating a new instrument by regulation must be done by taking a special name, stating its conditions, characteristics and results. Although the related regulations like UCC or By-law for issuing a Payment Order and Fund Transfer have tried to mention these requirements notwithstanding, under Common Law no custom or rule confers the character of negotiability to payment order and therefore we cannot consider it as a new negotiable instrument. On the other hand, in Iranian law payment order is a special instrument having conditions and results in the light of the given By-law. Therefore, the obligation created by this instrument is definite and after having issued and accepted by debtor who is bank, the bankd is oblige to perform. This in turn, creates this principle in our mind: unacceptable defense principle. Nevertheless, we cannot ignore some bad consequences of this idea that led us to reject this framework for payment order.
کلیدواژهها [English]
الف) فارسی
ب) خارجی
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- Kreltszheim, David. (2003) "The Legal Nature of Electronic Money", Journal of Banking and Finance Law and Practice, Vol.14, 161-183.
- Convention Providing a Uniform Law for Bills of Exchange and Promissory Notes (Geneva, 1930).
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- AU. Acts Interpretation Act 1901.
- U.K.Bills of Exchange Act 1882.
- AU.Bills of Exchange Act 1909.
- U.S.Uniform Commercial Code 1952.
- UNCITRAL Legal Guide on Electronic Funds Transfers.
- uncitral Model Law on International Credit Transfers.
- Petroleum Co Ltd v Milton [1997] 1 W.L.R. 1060.
- Goodwin v. Robarts (1875) LR 10 Ex. 337.
- Tenax Steamship Co v The Brimnes, The Brimnes [1974] 3 All ER 88.