نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی - پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشیار گروه حقوق خصوصی دانشگاه پیام نور
2 دانشجوی دکتری حقوق خصوصی دانشگاه علامۀ طباطبایی
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عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
On December 11, 2008, the United Nations adopted the “Convention on Contracts for the International Carriage of Goods Wholly or Partly by Sea”, more colloquially known as the “Rotterdam Rules” for the city which hosted the convention’s signing ceremony on September 23, 2009. Rotterdam Convention approved the “Presumption of Responsibility” as the basis of carrier’s responsibility and listed the exempted cases, and the carrier, in order to get through the liability, must determine the cause of damage, events and the losses happened to the goods. Rotterdam Rules also by adopting the “door to door” strategy for goods carriage, promoting the electronic documents and embedding the volume contracts have opened new horizons in the carriage of goods by sea. Rotterdam Rules in spite of avoiding the excesses of Hamburg Rules retained their strength points and have tried to eliminate the defects of Hague Rules. Therefore, it can be said that this convention has caused a balanced approach among the benefits of shippers and carriers for providing the general fortuity.
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