حقوق اقلیت‌ها و پیشگیری از منازعات قومی از نظر گزارشگر ویژۀ اقلیت‌ها؛ ‏درس‌هایی برای کشورهای چندقومی

مقالات آماده انتشار

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه حقوق بین‌الملل، دانشکدۀ حقوق، دانشگاه قم، قم، ایران‏

2 گروه حقوق بین‌الملل، دانشکدۀ حقوق، دانشگاه قم، قم، ایران.‏

چکیده

حقوق بین‌الملل در تکاپوی حفظ صلح و امنیت بین‌المللی با موانع بسیاری دست‌وپنجه نرم می‌کند. در این میان، منازعات قومی به‌منزلۀ درگیری‌های خشونت‌بار میان گروه‌های اکثریت و اقلیت، مانعی بزرگ به‌شمار می‌رود. نگارندگان این مقاله با کاربست شیوۀ توصیفی- تحلیلی و بهره‌گیری از منابع کتابخانه‌ای، سر آن دارند تا با تکیه بر گزارش‌های گزارشگر ویژۀ مسائل اقلیت‌ها، به کندوکاو پیرامون نقش حقوق اقلیت‌ها در بروز و پیشگیری از منازعات قومی بپردازند. بر پایۀ یافته‌های این نوشتار، توجه ناکافی به حقوق اقلیت‌ها موجب ناتوانیِ حقوق بین‌الملل معاصر در زدودنِ یکی از علت‌های اصلیِ بروز منازعات قومی شده است. با این حال، سازوکارهایِ نظارتی حقوق بشر و به‌ویژه سازوکارهای مرتبط‌ با حقوق اقلیت‌ها همچون گزارشگر ویژۀ مسائل اقلیت‌ها می‌تواند با بالا بردن اهمیتِ جایگاه حقوق گروه‌های اقلیت در سطوح ملی، منطقه‌ای و بین‌المللی، موجبات توجه بیشتر به مسائل اقلیت‌ها را فراهم آورد. بنابراین، از رهگذر افزایش مشارکت گروه‌های اقلیت در امور کشوری و محلی و ایجاد حس تعلق نسبت به کلِ سرزمینِ کشور چندقومی، احتمال شکل‌گیری جنبش‌هایِ قوم‌گرایانه و بسیج قومی کاهش می‌یابد و در نتیجه، امکان پیشگیری از بروز منازعۀ قومی در کشورهای چندقومیتی بیشتر می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Rights of Minorities and Prevention of Ethnic Conflicts According to ‎SRMI: Some Lessons for Multiethnic States

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mostafa fazaeli 1
  • Mousa Karami 2
1 Department of International Law, Faculty of Law, University of Qom, Qom, Iran‎
2 Department of Public International Law, Faculty of Law, University of Qom, Qom, Iran‎
چکیده [English]

In its quest to maintain international peace and security, international law grapples with numerous obstacles. Among other things, ethnic conflicts (ECs) as violent conflicts between majority and minority groups, are considered to be a huge obstacle. Employing a descriptive-analytical method and through desk research, this paper seeks to investigate the role of minority rights in the outbreak and prevention of ECs relying on the views of the Special Rapporteur on Minority Issues (SRMI). According to the findings of the paper, insufficient attention paid to minority rights in contemporary international law has led to the ability of this branch of law to eliminate one of the root causes of ECs outbreak. However, human rights monitoring mechanisms and specifically, the more related mechanisms regarding minority rights such as SRMI can provide minority issues with more attention by increasing the significance of minority groups’ rights status at national, regional and international levels. Enhancing minority groups’ participation in national and local affairs and creating tie with the whole territory of the multi-ethnic country, therefore, results in reducing the probability of ethnocentric movements and ethnic mobilization and, as a consequence, increase of the possibility to prevent ECs in multiethnic States.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Ethnic Mobilization
  • ‎Discrimination
  • ‎ Minority Rights
  • ‎ Special Rapporteur on ‎Minority Issues (SRMI)
  • ‎Ethnic Conflict.‎

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مقالات آماده انتشار، پذیرفته شده
انتشار آنلاین از تاریخ 01 تیر 1404

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