مطالعۀ تطبیقی جلوه‌های پاسخ‌دهی خانواده‌محور درقبال بزهکاری اطفال ‏و نوجوانان در نظام حقوقی ایران و اسکاتلند

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه حقوق جزا و جرم‌شناسی، دانشکدۀ حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

2 گروه حقوق جزا و جرم‌شناسی، دانشکدۀ حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران‏

چکیده

خانواده به‌عنوان نخستین اجتماعی که انسان از ابتدای حیات خود درون آن پا می‌گذارد، نقشی بنیادین در شکل‌گیری رفتار و شخصیت افراد دارد. این اصل مهم اثبات‌شده در روان‌شناسی، سبب شده است تا نقش خانواده در بزهکاری کودکان مورد توجه نظام‌های حقوقی متعددی قرار گیرد و نهاد یادشده به‌عنوان یک «بازیگر اصلی» در تعیین ضمانت اجرا و اعمال آن نقش مؤثری ایفا نماید. با این حال، این مهم در حقوق ایران مورد التفات جدی قرار نگرفته است؛ به این نحو که مخاطب حقوق کیفری همچنان کودک بزهکار است و خانواده به‌عنوان «بازیگری فرعی» مد نظر نظام تقنینی بوده و در حاشیه قرار گرفته است. نگارندگان پژوهش حاضر درصددند با رویکرد تطبیقی- تحلیلی به مطالعۀ نظام حقوقی اسکاتلند از آن جهت که دارای الگوی مقابله‌ای مشابه با ایران در زمینۀ پاسخ‌دهی به اطفال و نوجوانان است، پرداخته، کوشش می‌‌کنند با واکاوی این دو نظام حقوقی بر مبنای الگوهای عدالت اطفال و نوجوانان، نقش خانواده در پاسخ‌دهی به کودکان بزهکار و جایگاه و نوع مسئولیت این نهاد را تبیین نمایند. در مقالۀ حاضر سرانجام نتیجه‌گیری شده است که خلأ سازوکارهایی نظیر «قراردادهای مرتبط با فرزندپروری» و «قرار فرزندپروری» در کشور اسکاتلند که مخاطب آن اولیا و سرپرستان کودک هستند، در قوانین ایران احساس شده است و نظام حقوقی ایران ظرفیت پذیرش چنین سازوکارهایی را با توجه به اصول حاکم بر خود دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparative Study of the Sights of Family-centered Response to ‎Juvenile Delinquency in the Iranian and Scottish Legal Systems

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Yekrangi 1
  • Parimehr Rafifar 2
1 Department of Criminal Law and Criminology, Faculty of Law & Political Sciences, University of ‎Tehran, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Criminal Law and Criminology, Faculty of Law & Political Sciences, University of ‎Tehran, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Family, as the first society a person encounters from the beginning of life, plays a fundamental role in shaping people's behavior and personality. This important principle, which has also been proven in psychology, has drawn attention to the role of the family in children’s delinquency in many legal systems. As a result, the mentioned institution plays an important role and may be said to be one of the main actors in the criminal justice process, including sentencing. However, this issue has not been seriously considered in Iranian criminal law, in which the target of punishment and reaction is still delinquent juveniles, and the family is considered a "secondary actor" and is placed on the sidelines. This article has a comparative approach and seeks to compare the Iranian and the Scottish juvenile justice systems in this field. The reason for selecting the Scottish system is that it has a similar model of juvenile justice to Iran in terms of responding to juvenile delinquency. Therefore, the article scrutinizes these two legal systems and clarifies the role of the family and the type of responsibility of this institution, based on juvenile justice models. It finally concludes that the lack of some measures such as "parenting contracts" and "parenting orders," which are specifically directed at the parents and guardians of delinquent children, is noticeably felt in Iranian criminal law. The Iranian legal system has the potential to adopt such instruments in accordance with its principles.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Delinquent Juvenile
  • ‎Parental Responsibility
  • ‎Parenting‏ ‏order
  • ‎Rehabilitation
  • Welfare ‎Model.‎

مراجع

  1. A) Books
  2. Ardebili, Mohammadali (2018). General Criminal Law. Tehran: Mizan (In Persian).
  3. Arthur, R.(2009). Parental Responsibility for Youth Offending. In Reforming juvenile justice. edited by Junger-Tas, J & F. Dünkel. Dordrecht: Springer.69-84.
  4. Buck, T. (2014). International child law. Routledge.
  5. Burman, M et al., (2006). The End of an Era? – Youth Justice in Scotland. In: International handbook of juvenile justice. edited by Junger-Tas, J., & Decker, S. H. Springer International Publishing. 439-472.
  6. Delmas-Marty, Mireille (2019). Large systems of criminal politics. Translated by Ali Hossein Najafi Abrandabadi. Tehran: Mizan (In Persian).
  7. Emami, Asadollah & Safaei, Hossein. (2017). A Concise of Family Law. Tehran: Mizan (In Persian).
  8. Katouzian, Naser (2022). Family Law. Tehran: Ganj-e-Danesh (In Persian).
  9. McAra, L. (2006). Welfare in Crisis? Key Developments in Scottish Youth.Justice. In Comparative youth justice. edited by Muncie, J., & Goldson, B. Sage. 127-145.
  10. McAra, L. & McVie, S. (2014). The Scottish Juvenile Justice System: Policy and Practice. In Juvenile justice: International perspectives, models and trends. edited by Winterdyk, J.A.  CRC Press. 263-294.
  11. Muncie, J. (2004). Youth and Crime, 2nd edition. London: Sage.
  12. Muncie, J., & McLaughlin, E. (2001). The Sage dictionary of criminology. Sage.
  13. Niazpour, Amirhassan (2017). Juvenile Penal Law. Tehran: Mizan (In Persian).
  14. Tobin, J & Seow, F. (2019).  The Rights to Birth Registration, a Name, Nationality, and to Know and Be Cared for by Parents. In The UN convention on the rights of the child: A commentary. edited by Tobin, J. OUP Oxford. 237-280.
  15. Whyte, B.(2007). Youth Justice: Developments in Scotland for the Twenty-first Century. In Developments in Social Work with Offenders. edited by Raynor, P, & McIvor, G. Jessica Kingsley Publishers.40-61.
  16. Winterdyk, J.A.(2014). Introduction: Juvenile Justice in the International Arena. In Juvenile justice: International perspectives, models and trends. edited by Winterdyk, J.A.  CRC Press. 1-24.

 

  1. B) Articles
  2. Asimi, Hamidreza & Yekrangi, Mohammad (2023). Comparison and Rethinking the Classification of Legal Systems in the Light of SocioCultural Commonalities and Differences. Comparative Law Review, 14 (1), 29-54, https://doi.com/10.22059/jcl.2022.333486.634274 (In Persian).
  3. Hollingsworth, K. (2007). Responsibility and rights: Children and their parents in the youth justice system. International Journal of Law, Policy and the Family, 21(2), 190-219. https://doi.org/10.1093/lawfam/ebm004
  4. Le Sage, L., & De Ruyter, D. (2008). Criminal parental responsibility: Blaming parents on the basis of their duty to control versus their duty to morally educate their children. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 40(6), 789-802. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-5812.2007.00370.x
  5. Moazemi, Shahla & Mahdavi, Mahmoud (2009). Disruption in the developmental function of the family and Juvenile Delinquency. Women's Research Journal, 1 (3), 85-111https://doi.com/10.22059/jcl.2022.333486.634274
  6. Niazpour, Amirhassan (2013). Criminological Analysis of Iranian Civil Code in Family Rules. Journal of Family Resaerch, 2 (9), 255-269https://doi.com/10.22059/jcl.2022.333486.634274
  7. Roshan, Mohammad & Hoseini, Ensieh (2013). The Role of Family in Responding to Juvenile Delinquents by Emphasizing the Islamic Criminal Code (2013). Journal of Family Resaerch, 4 (11), 471-490https://doi.com/10.22059/jcl.2022.333486.634274
  8. Walters, R., & Woodward, R. (2007). Punishing ‘poor parents’: ‘Respect’,‘responsibility’and parenting orders in Scotland. Youth Justice, 7(1), 5-20. https://doi.org/10.1177/1473225406074818

 

  1. C) Website
  2. Antisocial Behaviour etc. (Scotland) Act 2004: Guidance on Antisocial Behaviour Orders, Scottish Executive, Edinburgh, 2004. Available in: https://www.gov.scot/publications/antisocial-behaviour-etc-scotland-act-2004-guidance-antisocial-behaviour-orders/
  3. https://juvenilejusticecentre.org/resource-library/قوانین-و-مقررات-ملی-و-بین‌المللی/
  4. https://www.legislation.gov.uk/asp/2004/8/contents
  5. https://rc.majlis.ir/fa/law/show/92374
مطالعات حقوق تطبیقی
دوره 16، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 31
بهار و تابستان 1404
تیر 1404
صفحه 199-219

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار