بررسی عوامل تعیین‌کنندۀ اندازۀ پارلمان در تعادل کارایی و نمایندگی ‏‏(مطالعۀ تطبیقی)‏

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه حقوق عمومی دانشکدۀ علوم انسانی دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران‏

2 گروه حقوق عمومی دانشکدۀ علوم انسانی دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران

3 گروه حقوق عمومی دانشکده علوم انسانی دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران

چکیده

پارلمان نمونه‌ای از یک جامعه است که عوامل تعیین‌کنندۀ اندازۀ آن کمتر مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته است. مقالۀ پیشِ رو این فرضیه را مطرح می‌کند که تعیین تعداد کرسی‌های مجلس قانون‌گذاری، اقدامی است که میان کارایی و نمایندگی تعادل برقرار می‌کند. یکی از مؤلفه‌های مهم برای رسیدن به کارایی مطلوب، داشتن افراد کافی با تخصص‌های لازم برای انجام وظایف است. در صورت کمبود افراد و در پی آن نبود تخصص‌های لازم، گروه به کارایی مطلوب نخواهد رسید. هرچه گروه بزرگ‌تر باشد، تناسب آرا با تعداد کرسی‌ها، احزاب و نمایندگان گروه‌های کوچک، بیشتر می‌شود. بر این اساس در تحقیق حاضر تلاش بر این است تا با رویکردی علمی- تحلیلی از طریق آمارهای جمعیتی پارلمان‌های کشورهای مختلف به این پرسش پاسخ داده شود: چه ارتباطی میان تعداد نمایندگان مجلس با کارایی و نمایندگی آن مجلس وجود دارد؟ همچنین با طرح پرسشی فرعی سعی می‌شود پس از مقایسۀ بین شرایط مجلس شورای اسلامی ایران با کشورهای دیگر در این مقوله، بررسی شود که آیا الزام دو وظیفۀ مهم قانون‌گذاری و نظارت (بر اساس اصول 71 و 76 قانون اساسی)، با این تعداد نماینده باعث استفادۀ بیش‌از‌حد از اصل 85 قانون اساسی نشده است؟ چنان‌که از نتایج برمی‌آید مجلس شورای اسلامی به لحاظ اندازة نمایندگان در میان 239 پارلمان جهان رتبۀ 236 را دارد. این مسئله می‌تواند تأثیرات زیادی بر کارایی مجلس و نیز امر نمایندگی بگذارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the determinants of parliament size in the ‎balance of efficiency and representation (comparative ‎study)‎

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fardin Moradkhani 1
  • Unes Fathi 2
  • Davood Kazemi 3
1 Department of Public Law, Faculty Humanities Sciences, Bou Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran‎
2 Department of Public Law, Faculty Humanities Sciences, Bou Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran‎
3 Department of Public Law, Faculty Humanities Sciences, Bou Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran‎
چکیده [English]

The Parliament is an example of a society in which the determinants of its size have been less studied. The present article hypothesizes that determining the number of seats in a legislature is a balance between efficiency and representation. One of the important components to achieve the desired efficiency is to have enough people with the necessary expertise to perform the tasks. In case of shortage of personnel and consequently, lack of necessary specializations, the group will certainly not achieve the desired efficiency. Also, the larger the group, the greater the proportion of votes to the number of seats, parties, and representatives of the smaller groups. Based on this, the current research tries to investigate with a scientific-analytical approach through the demographic statistics of the parliaments of different countries, what is the relationship between the number of parliamentarians and the efficiency and representation of that parliament? Also, with a secondary question, after comparing the conditions of the Islamic Council of Iran with other countries in this category, it is tried to check whether the requirement of the two important duties of legislation and supervision (based on principles 71 and 76 of the constitution) with this Hasn't the number of representatives caused excessive use of Article 85 of the Constitution? According to the results, Iran's parliament ranks 236 among the 239 parliaments in the world in terms of the number of representatives. This issue can have a great impact on the efficiency of the parliament and also on the matter of representation.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • K Article 85 of the ‎Constitution
  • ‎Parliament size
  • ‎Parliament
  • ‎Performance
  • ‎Representation.‎
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