استثناهای حق تصویر

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی - پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار گروه حقوق خصوصی و اسلامی دانشکدۀ حقوق و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

اشخاص نسبت به تصویرشان حق دارند؛ به این معنا که می‌توانند دربارۀ تصویربرداری دیگری از خودشان و نیز انتشار تصاویر گرفته‌شده تصمیم بگیرند. به همین سبب، برای تصویربرداری و یا انتشار عکس دیگران باید رضایت شخص موضوع تصویر را به‌دست آورد. با‌این‌حال، این اختیار، مطلق نیست. مردم جامعه حق دارند تا از رویدادهای پیرامون خویش باخبر شوند؛ پس اگر به قصد اطلاع‌رسانی به دیگران از شخصی تصویر گرفته و منتشر شود، نباید بر لزوم أخذ رضایت وی پافشاری کرد. برای همین، نظام‌های حقوقی مختلف، تصویربرداری از اشخاص مشهور یا مکان‌های عمومی و به‌طور کلی آنجا را که قصد اطلاع‌رسانی در میان است، مجاز می‌دانند. با‌این‌حال، در این گونه موارد ‌باید حریم خصوصی اشخاص و شرافت و حیثیت آن‌ها پاس داشته شود. درضمن، میان انگیزۀ اطلاع‌رسانی و سودجویی باید تفاوت گذاشت. در نظام حقوقی ایران با توجه به اصل 24 ق.ا. مبنی بر آزادی مطبوعات در بیان مطالب و نیز اهمیت منافع عمومی و ترجیح آن بر منافع خصوصی، به‌نظر می‌رسد همین باور قابل پذیرش باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Exceptions to Image rights

نویسنده [English]

  • Abbas Mirshekari
Assistant Professor of Private Law Department, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

People are entitled to their images in a sense that they can decide on whether or not they want to be pictured by others, as well as the publication of the taken pictures from them. Therefore, for the purpose of imaging or publishing a photo, the person's consent must be obtained. However, this right is not absolute.People have the right to become aware of events around them. So, if with an intention of publishing information, an image was taken from other people and it published, then there will be no need to obtain the consent of those persons. For this reason, various legal systems permit the imaging of celebrities or public places.In general, where there is intention as to inform other people, it is permitted to take photo witout attaining their consents. However, in such cases, individuals' privacy and dignity must be respected. Also, no one can use another one’s image for commercial purposes. In the legal system of iIan, it seems that due to the  freedom of the press (principle 24 of the constitution),the importance of public interests and the preference for private interests, the same belief is acceptable.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Image
  • Public interest
  • Celebrities
  • Privacy
  • human rights
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