مسئولیت دولت‌ها درحفاظت از تنوع زیستی و ذخایر ژنتیکی محیط زیست از دیدگاه آموزه‌های اسلامی و موازین حقوق بین‌الملل

مقالات آماده انتشار

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار حقوق بین‌الملل عمومی، گروه حقوق، دانشکدۀ علوم انسانی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران

2 دانشجوی دکتری حقوق بین الملل عمومی، گروه حقوق، واحد همدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، همدان، ایران.

چکیده

تنوع زیستی و ذخایر ژنتیکی از ارکان اساسی زندگی بشر و حفظ تعادل زیست‌محیطی به‌شمار می‌آیند و تأثیر مستقیم بر سلامت اکوسیستم‌ها و کیفیت حیات انسان دارند. با این حال، در عصر حاضر، چالش‌های متعددی مانند تغییرات اقلیمی، فعالیت‌های صنعتی، و تخریب زیستگاه‌ها به‌عنوان تهدیدهای جدی برای این منابع مطرح شده‌اند. مسئلۀ یادشده، ضرورت توجه ویژه به مسئولیت دولت‌ها برای حفاظت از ذخایر طبیعی را بیش از پیش نمایان می‌سازد. در پژوهش حاضر که به روش توصیفی- تحلیلی انجام شده است، نگارندگان تلاش نموده‌اند تا به این پرسش پاسخ دهند که اسلام و حقوق بین‌الملل درخصوص مسئولیت دولت‌ها در حفاظت از تنوع زیستی و ذخایر ژنتیکی محیط زیست چه دیدگاه‌هایی دارند؟ نتایج پژوهش حاضر حاکی از آن است که آموزه‌های اسلامی، زمین و منابع طبیعی را به‌عنوان امانتی الهی درنظر می‌گیرند و بر حفظ و صیانت از آنها تأکید دارند. آیات قرآن و احادیث نبوی در این راستا، چارچوبی مستحکم برای اخلاق زیست‌محیطی به‌وجود می‌آورد که دولت‌ها را به‌عنوان ناظر و حافظ منابع طبیعی تخمین می‌زند. از سوی دیگر، حقوق بین‌الملل با تعهداتی که برای دولت‌ها تعیین می‌‌کند، مسئولیت‌های دولت‌ها را در حفاظت از تنوع زیستی مشخص می‌سازد. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Responsibility of States in Protecting Biodiversity and Genetic Resources of the Environment from the Perspective of Islamic Teachings and International Law Standards

نویسندگان [English]

  • Meisam Norouzi 1
  • Mehdi Eskandari Khoshgou 2
1 Ph.D. Student of Public International law, Department of Law, Hamadan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamadan, Iran
2 PhD student in Public International Law, Department of Law, Hamedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Biodiversity and genetic resources are considered fundamental pillars of human life and environmental balance, and have a direct impact on the health of ecosystems and the quality of human life. However, in the present era, numerous challenges such as climate change, industrial activities, and habitat destruction pose serious threats to these resources. This issue highlights the need for special attention to the responsibility of states to protect natural resources more than ever. The present study, which adopts a descriptive-analytical approach, has attempted to answer the question of what views Islam and international law have regarding the responsibility of states in protecting biodiversity and environmental genetic resources? The results indicate that Islamic teachings consider land and natural resources as a divine trust and emphasize their preservation and protection. In this regard, verses of the Quran and the Prophetic Hadiths create a solid framework for environmental ethics that regards states as the overseers and protectors of natural resources. On the other hand, international law, with the legal and moral obligations it imposes on states, specifies the responsibilities of states in protecting biodiversity.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Islam
  • Biodiversity conservation
  • Environmental genetic resources
  • International law
  • Responsibility of states

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انتشار آنلاین از تاریخ 01 تیر 1405

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