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مقالات آماده انتشار

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی - پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار گروه حقوق دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران

چکیده

حق آزادی شخصی در زمرۀ حقوق طبیعی و از مباحث بسیار مهم در حوزۀ عدالت کیفری تلقی می‌شود. مطابق مادۀ 9 میثاق بین‌المللی، هرکس حق آزادی و امنیت شخصی دارد و هیچ‌کس را نمی‌توان خودسرانه و بدون مجوز دستگیر یا زندانی کرد؛ مگر طبق آیین دادرسی مقرر به حکم قانون. مقتضای اصل برائت حفظ آزادی شخصی افراد تا پیش از احراز مجرمیت آنهاست؛ بنابراین از یک سو حق آزادی اشخاص اقتضا دارد که برای کسی که مجرمیت او از سوی هیچ دادگاهی احراز نشده است، هیچ‌گونه محدودیتی ایجاد نشود و از سوی دیگر لزوم دسترسی به متهم و برقراری دادرسی کیفری منصفانه مستلزم این است که چنین شخصی با محدودیت‌هایی در حوزۀ آزادی روبه‌رو گردد. با توجه به ماهیت موضوع، پژوهش حاضر از نظر هدف، کاربردی و به لحاظ گردآوری اطلاعات به روش اسنادی و از طریق مطالعۀ قوانین، رویۀ قضایی و منابع معتبر انجام شده است و اطلاعات به‌دست آمده به صورت توصیفی- تحلیلی مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. یافته‌ها بر این امر دلالت دارد که حق آزادی شخصی در اصل 37 قانون اساسی چین به‌رسمیت شناخته شده و بر این مبنا ضمانت اجرا و محدودیت در اعمال این حق در قانون آیین دادرسی کیفری و قانون مجازات مورد اشاره قرار گرفته است. با وجود این، طبق رویۀ قضایی و سیستم حقوقی این کشور مصادیقی از بازداشت و دستگیری‌های غیرقانونی و خودسرانه وجود دارد که باعث نقض حق آزادی شخصی می‌شود؛ مواردی مانند بازداشت قضایی، بازداشت اداری و بازداشت گمرگی در زمرۀ بازداشت‌های خودسرانه تلقی می‌شوند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Examining the Place of Detention and Arrest in the Criminal Justice System of the People's Republic of China

نویسنده [English]

  • Fateme Fallahnezhad
Assistant Prof Department of law, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

The right to personal liberty is a natural right and is considered a highly important issue in the domain of criminal justice. Article 9 of the ICCPR states: Everyone has the right to liberty of person. No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest or detention. No one shall be deprived of his liberty except on such grounds and in accordance with such procedures as are established by law. According to the presumption of innocence, safeguarding individual liberty comes to an end when individuals are found guilty of a crime. The right to personal freedom requires that no restrictions be imposed on anyone whose guilt has not been established by a court. On the other hand, access to the accused and the establishment of a fair criminal trial require that such a person face certain limitations on their freedom. Due to the nature of the subject, the present study is applied in terms of purpose and, in terms of data collection, uses a documentary method. Valid laws and sources were studied, and the obtained information was analyzed descriptively and analytically. The findings indicate that the right to personal liberty has been recognized in Article 37 of China’s Constitution. The exercise of this right has also been referred to in China’s CPL and CL. Nevertheless, according to China’s judicial precedent and legal system, there have been cases of illegal and arbitrary detentions causing violations of the right to personal liberty. Cases such as judicial detention, administrative detention, and customs detention are considered arbitrary detentions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Arrest
  • Arbitrary Arrest
  • Arbitrary Detention
  • Deprivation of Liberty
  • Illegal Detention
  • People's Republic of China

مراجع

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مقالات آماده انتشار، پذیرفته شده
انتشار آنلاین از تاریخ 01 دی 1404

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