ضوابط حاکم بر ضمانت در اسناد تجاری بر اساس لایحۀ جدید قانون تجارت (مطالعۀ تطبیقی حقوق ایران و فرانسه)

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی - پژوهشی

نویسنده

دانشیار دانشگاه علوم اسلامی رضوی مشهد مقدس، مشهد، ایران

چکیده

این پژوهش با هدف بررسی و تحلیل ضوابط حاکم بر ضمانت در اسناد تجاری، به‌ویژه برات، بر اساس لایحۀ جدید قانون تجارت و مطالعۀ تطبیقی آن با حقوق فرانسه انجام شده است. هدف اصلی، تبیین تغییرات ایجاد‌شده در مقررات ضمانت، رفع ابهامات موجود و ارائۀ یک تحلیل جامع و کاربردی از این نهاد حقوقی در اسناد تجاری است. روش تحقیق در این پژوهش، توصیفی- تحلیلی و تطبیقی است.
یافته‌های این پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که لایحۀ جدید تغییراتی را در خصوص ضمانت در برات ایجاد کرده است که از جملۀ آنها می‌توان به عدم اشتراط درج ضمانت در متن برات، امکان ضمانت جزئی و مشروط، و نیز تأکید بر مسئولیت تضامنی ضامن اشاره نمود. همچنین، این پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که در برخی موارد، قانون‌گذار ایرانی رویکردی انعطاف‌پذیرتر و عمل‌گرایانه‌تر نسبت به حقوق فرانسه درپیش گرفته است.
نتیجه‌ این است که لایحۀ جدید در جهت توسعه و بهبود مقررات مربوط به ضمانت در برات گامی مثبت محسوب می‌شود. با این حال، ابهاماتی نیز در خصوص برخی از جنبه‌های ضمانت، ازجمله لزوم تعیین مضمون‌عنه و امکان ضمانت متعهدان اصلی، همچنان به قوت خود باقی است که نیازمند تفسیر رویۀ قضایی و تدقیق نظر حقوق‌دانان است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Governing Rules on Guarantees in Commercial Instruments Based on the New Draft of the Commercial Code (A Comparative Study of Iranian and French Law)

نویسنده [English]

  • Gholamreza Yazdani
Associate Professor, Department of Law, Razavi University of Islamic Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
چکیده [English]

This study aims to examine and analyze the governing rules on guarantees in commercial instruments, particularly bills of exchange, based on the new draft of the Commercial Code and a comparative study with French law. The main objective is to explain the changes made to guarantee regulations, address existing ambiguities, and provide a comprehensive and practical analysis of this legal institution in commercial instruments. The research methodology is descriptive, analytical, and comparative.
The findings of this study indicate that the new draft introduces changes regarding guarantees in bills of exchange, including the removal of the requirement for guarantees to be explicitly stated within the text of the bill, the possibility of partial and conditional guarantees, and an emphasis on the joint liability of guarantors. Furthermore, the study shows that, in some cases, Iranian legislators have adopted a more flexible and pragmatic approach compared to French law.
The conclusion is that the new draft represents a positive step toward developing and improving guarantee regulations in bills of exchange. However, ambiguities remain regarding certain aspects of guarantees, such as the necessity to specify the principal debtor and the possibility of guaranteeing primary obligors. These issues require judicial interpretation and further scholarly examination.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Bill of Exchangeو Commercial Documents
  • French Law
  • Guarantee
  • New Commercial Law

مراجع

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مطالعات حقوق تطبیقی
دوره 16، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 32
پاییز و زمستان 1404
دی 1404
صفحه 759-777

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