دستور موقت در مکانیسم داوری اضطراری (همراه با مطالعۀ تطبیقی)‏

مقالات آماده انتشار

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشکدۀ حقوق، دانشکدگان فارابی، دانشگاه تهران، قم، ایران‏

2 گروه حقوق تجارت بین‌الملل، داتشکدۀ حقوق، دانشکدگان فارابی، دانشگاه تهران، قم، ایران‏

چکیده

تعیین تکلیف امور فوری در داوری تجاری بین‌المللی به‌خصوص قبل از تشکیل دیوان داوری، همیشه در داوری بین‌المللی به‌عنوان یک مسئلۀ چالش‌برانگیز مطرح بوده است. داوری اضطراری، سازوکاری است که به‌موجب آن یکی از طرفین داوری می‌تواند قبل از تشکیل دیوان داوری و در شرایط فوری، از داور اضطراریِ منتخب از سوی سازمان داوری یا اشخاص حقیقی یا حقوقیِ مورد توافق طرفین تقاضای صدور دستور موقت نماید. اما آیا چنین داوری همچون خود داوران دیوان داوری، اختیار صدور دستور موقت را دارد؟ به فرض مثبت بودن پاسخ، در چه شرایطی و چگونه؟ و اینکه آیا دستورات آنها در دادگاه‌های ملی قابل شناسایی و اجراست؟ یافته‌های پژوهش حاضر که به روش توصیفی- تحلیلی و با استفاده از منابع کتابخانه‌ای صورت گرفته است، نشان می‌دهد که اولاً علی‌رغم نبود معیارهایی برای صدور دستور موقت از سوی داور اضطراری، او می‌تواند از همان معیارهایی که برای دیوان‌های داوری درنظر گرفته شده است استفاده کند، اما باید عنصر فوریت را با دقت بیشتری مورد توجه قرار دهد؛ دوم اینکه دستور موقت صادر‌شده از جانب داور اضطراری برای طرفین الزام‌آور است؛ سوم، دیوان داوری که متعاقباً تشکیل می‌گردد، می‌تواند تصمیم داور اضطراری را حسب مورد لغو یا اصلاح کند و یا تغییر دهد؛ چهارم، صلاحیت داور اضطراری برای صدور دستور موقت صرفاً تا قبل از تشکیل دیوان داوری است و بعد از تشکیل دیوان یادشده، دیگر هیچ اختیاری ندارد و سرانجام اینکه شناسایی و اجرای دستور موقت داور اضطراری در دادگاه‌های ملی، حکمش همچون دستور موقت صادره از سوی دیوان‌های داوری است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Interim order in the emergency arbitration mechanism ‎(with a comparative study)‎

نویسندگان [English]

  • Rahim Pilvar 1
  • Amirreza Olfatnia 2
1 Department of Law, Farabi Campus, university of Tehran, Qom, Iran‎
2 Department of international trade law, Department of Law, Farabi Campus, university of Tehran, ‎Qom, Iran‎
چکیده [English]

Determination of urgent matters in international commercial arbitration, especially before the establishment of the arbitration court, has always been a challenging issue in international arbitration. Emergency arbitration is a mechanism by which one of the arbitration parties can request the issuance of a temporary order from the emergency arbitrator selected by the arbitration organization or natural or legal persons agreed upon by the parties, before the formation of the arbitration court and in urgent circumstances. However, do such arbitrators, like the arbitrators of the arbitration court, have the authority to issue a temporary order, and under what conditions and how, assuming a positive answer? And whether their orders can be recognized and implemented in national courts? The findings of the current research, which was carried out using a descriptive-analytical method and library sources, show that: Firstly, despite the lack of criteria for issuing a temporary order by the emergency arbitrator, he/she can use the same criteria considered for arbitration courts; but he/she should consider the element of urgency more carefully. Secondly, the temporary order issued by the emergency arbitrator is binding on the parties .Thirdly, the arbitral tribunal, which is formed subsequently, can cancel, amend, or change the decision of the emergency arbitrator, depending on the case. Fourthly, the authority of the emergency arbitrator to issue a temporary order is only before the formation of the arbitral tribunal, and after the formation of the aforementioned court, he/she has no further authority. Finally, the recognition and implementation of the temporary order of the emergency arbitrator in the national court, his ruling is the same as the temporary order issued by the arbitration courts.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Emergency arbitrator
  • ‎Arbitral tribunal
  • Interim ‎order
  • Emergency ‎arbitration
  • jurisdiction of ‎the arbitrator.‎

مراجع

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مقالات آماده انتشار، پذیرفته شده
انتشار آنلاین از تاریخ 01 تیر 1404

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