نگرشی تطبیقی- انتقادی به انطباق‌پذیری «ثبت کشتی» با مؤلفه‌های «نظام ثبت منقول»

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار، گروه حقوق خصوصی و اسلامی، دانشکدۀ حقوق و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

2 استادیار، گروه حقوق خصوصی، دانشکدۀ حقوق دانشکدگان فارابی دانشگاه تهران، قم، ایران

3 دانشجوی مقطع دکتری، گروه حقوق خصوصی، دانشکدۀ حقوق دانشکدگان فارابی دانشگاه تهران، قم، ایران

چکیده

ثبت کشتی دارای کارکرد دوگانۀ‌ «اعطای تابعیت» در کنار «تثبیت مالکیت» است که منجر به تفاوت‌هایی در اصول آن نسبت به سایر نظام‌ها شده است. در دسته‌بندی‌های متداول به دلیل تلقی منقول بودن کشتی، نظام ثبتی آن نیز بر مدار ثبت منقول توجیه می‌شود. لذا این پرسش مطرح می‌شود که اصولاً ثبت منقول چه مؤلفه‌هایی دارد و ثبت کشتی تا چه حد از آنها پیروی می‌کند؟ پژوهش حاضر با اتکا به روش جمع‌آوری اطلاعات کتابخانه‌ای و روش تحقیق توصیفی- تحلیلی، پنج مؤلفۀ «اثر ماهوی حدأقلی»، «اختیاری بودن ثبت»، «تمرکز بر ثبت وثیقه»، «ادارۀ تخصصی نظام ثبتی» و «نقش انفعالی مرجع ثبت» را به‌عنوان ویژگی‌های ثبت منقول برشمرده و معتقد است که ثبت کشتی با پنج مولفۀ «اثر ایجادی ثبت»، «الزامی بودن ثبت کشتی»، «جامعیت بانک اطلاعات ثبتی»، «شبه تخصصی بودن ثبت کشتی»، «نقش فعال مرجع ثبت در ثبت کشتی» از الگوی ثبت منقول پیروی نکرده و دارای نظام ثبتی مستقلی است. برهمین اساس، پیشنهادهایی نظیر «تثبیت اثر ایجاد مالکیت به‌موجب ثبت در قالب قانون»، «تصریح اصل اجباری بودن ثبت کشتی در قالب رفع ابهام و اصلاح بند یک مادۀ یک قانون دریایی» و «توسعۀ بانک اطلاعات ثبتی به سایر حقوق عینی» برای تقویت این نظام ثبتی ارائه شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

A Comparative- Critical Approach to Measuring the Compatibility of "Ship Registration" with the Components of "Movable Registration System"

نویسندگان [English]

  • Nasrin Tabatabai Hesari 1
  • Rahim Pilvar 2
  • Soroush Safizade 3
1 Associate Prof., Department of Private and Islamic Law, Faculty of Law & Political Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
2 Assistant Prof., Department of Private Law, Faculty of Law, University of Tehran (Farabi College), Qom, Iran
3 Department of Private Law, Faculty of Law, University of Tehran (Farabi College), Qom, Iran
چکیده [English]

 Ship registration has the function of “granting citizenship” along with the “title establishment” which has led to differences in its principles compared to other systems. In common classifications, due to the considering the ship as movable, its registration system is justified under the movable registration. Therefore, the question arises, what are the components of the movable registration and to what extent does the ship registration follow these components? The present research, relying on the desk research and descriptive-analytical method, considers five components as the features of the movable registration: "Minimal substantive effect", "Optionality of registration", "Focuse on the mortgage registration", "Specialized administration of the registration system" and "Passive role of registration authority"; And concluded that ship registration does not follow the model of movable registration and has an independent registration system, due to  the implementation of five components: "Constitutive effect of registration", "Mandatory ship registration", "Comprehensiveness of registration database", "Quasi-specialization of ship registration system", and "Active role of the registration authority in the ship registration”. Accordingly, suggestions such as "Confirming the Constitutive effect in the Acts of Parliament form", "Clarifying the mandatory principle of ship registration in the form of removing ambiguity and amending first paragraph of Article 1 of a the Iranian Maritime ACT" and "Developing the ship registration database to other real rights" have been made to strengthen this registration system.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Ship Registration
  • Title Establishment
  • Movable Registration
  • Public Law Function of Registration
  • Private Law Function of Registration

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مطالعات حقوق تطبیقی
دوره 16، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 32
پاییز و زمستان 1404
دی 1404
صفحه 571-595

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