حمایت از حقوق سرمایه‌گذاران بازار اوراق بهادار در قالب طرح دعوای ‏جمعی

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه حقوق خصوصی دانشگاه مفید قم و مدرس دانشگاه، قم، ایران‏

2 گروه حقوق خصوصی، مدرس دانشگاه و وکیل پایه یک دادگستری، قم، ایران‏

چکیده

اگرچه ویژگی‌های نهادی و ساختاری، بورس و بازار اوراق بهادار را در شمار زمینه‌های مستعد برای برخورداری از قابلیت‌های دعاوی گروهی قرار داده است، اما نسبت به استیفای حقوق سرمایه‌گذارانِ این بازار از طریق طرح دعوای جمعی رویکرد منجّزی وجود ندارد. در کشورمان بخشی از این تردید ناشی از مقررات آیین دادرسی مدنی، و بخش دیگر ناشی از فقدان صراحت قانون‌گذار بازار سرمایۀ ایران ناظر به صلاحیت مقامات بازار (برخلاف بعضی کشورهای دیگر) است. رویۀ قضایی شکل‌گرفته‌ای نسبت به این موضوع وجود ندارد، اما موضع حقوقی برخی کشورها و وجود اوصاف حرفه‌ای، شکل‌گرایی در فعالیت‌های بازار اوراق بهادار و حمایت همراه با نظارت مراجع ذی‌ربط (اعم از نهاد ناظر یا تشکل‌های خودانتظام)، وجود نهادهای دادرسی، تعقیب و رسیدگی اختصاصی و توجیه‌پذیری ایراداتِ وارد بر این تأسیس، ادلۀ قابل قبولی را به‌دست می‌د‌هد تا علل موجهۀ حمایت از حقوق سرمایه‌گذارانِ بازار اوراق بهادار در قالب دعوای جمعی باشد. همچنین، حمایت از منافع سهام‌داران خُرد به‌مثابه مصرف‌کنندگان بازار، امکان جمع مسئولیت حقوقی با مسئولیت‌های انتظامی یا کیفری، از عناصر دیگری است که دعوای گروهی را تأسیسی ارزشمند برای حمایت از حقوق ذی‌نفعان بازار و تحققِ بخشی از اهداف مصرح در مادۀ 2 قانون بازار اوراق بهادار می‌نماید. طبیعتاً مطالبۀ سود سهام، خسارات ناشی از دست‌کاری بازار، خسارت‌های مربوط به عدم رعایت الزامات افشا و تأمین مالی خارج از تشریفات آمرۀ بورس و بازار اوراق بهادار، در عداد عناوین رایج در این راستا محسوب می‌‌شوند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Protecting the rights of stock market investors in the form of class action lawsuits

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Sadeghi 1
  • Sobhan Abbaspour 2
1 Department of Private Law, Mofd University- University Lecturer and Legal Consultant of Iran's ‎Capital Market, Qom, Iran‎
2 Department of Private Law- University Lecturer and Attorney at law, Qom, Iran‎
چکیده [English]

Although the institutional features have identified the capital market as one of the potential fields for group lawsuits, there is no comprehensive approach to the possibility of enforcing the rights of investors in the capital market through a collective lawsuit. In the legal system of Iran, part of this uncertainty is caused by the provisions of the Civil Procedure Code, and the other part is due to the lack of clarity on the part of the capital market legislator. In addition to these, there are no well-established procedures regarding this matter. Regardless of these issues, the approaches of some countries and the existence of professional attributes, formalism in the activities of the securities market, support through the supervision of relevant authorities, the existence of judicial institutions, specialized prosecution and investigation, and the justifiability of objections to this establishment provide acceptable grounds to justify the protection of the rights of securities market investors in the form of a collective lawsuit. Also, necessities such as protecting the interests of small shareholders as consumers of the capital market, the possibility of combining civil responsibility with disciplinary or criminal responsibilities, and the approach to dealing with violations of laws and regulations are other elements that make class action a valuable and low-cost mechanism for protecting the rights of market beneficiaries—especially for fulfilling the goals specified in Article 2 of the Capital Market Law of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • stock market
  • self-‎regulation organizations
  • ‎investors' right
  • Collective ‎lawsuit
  • legal ‎representation
  • Arbitration ‎board of securities and ‎exchange.‎

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مطالعات حقوق تطبیقی
دوره 16، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 31
بهار و تابستان 1404
تیر 1404
صفحه 241-262

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