Comparative Law Review

Comparative Law Review

A comparative study of the scope of the prohibition of assisting or ‎encouraging prohibited activities in global disarmament treaties

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors
Mostafa fazaeli 1
Ahmad reza Towhidi 1
Mohammadreza Jahanipour 2
1 Department of International Law, Faculty of Law, Qom University, Qom, Iran‎
2 Corresponding Author; Department of International Law, Faculty of Law,University of Qom, Qom, ‎Iran‎
10.22059/jcl.2023.357528.634488
Abstract
In some disarmament treaties, assisting, encouraging, or inducing prohibited activities is declared illegal. Prohibited activities are actions that States are prohibited from doing according to the disarmament treaty.However, the exact scope of this prohibition is still debated by experts.The basic question is: what is the extent of the prohibition of assist, encouragement and inducement? what it's boundaries? For this purpose, the provision of assistance in the five main disarmament treaties has been investigated and two important findings have been obtained by using library data and the application of the analytical descriptive method: First, although the lack of a consensus definition for assistance, encouragement or inducement and the States' lack of interest in explaining the issue In the domestic and international pactice, it has led to continuation of ambiguity in the scope of this provision, but this ambiguity also has benefits. Second, the views of the States in the preliminary negotiations and their subsequent practices confirm the narrow interpretation of the assisting provision. Therefore, any action that contradicts the purpose and subject of the treaty and is done knowingly with the intention of facilitating the commission of prohibited acts or incitement to commit them is considered as prohibited assistance or encouragement.
Keywords
Prohibited acts
‎ Encouragement or ‎Inducement
Assisting ‎provision
Disarmament ‎treaties.‎
Subjects
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  9. Chemical Weapons Convention,1993
  10. Cluster Munitions Convention,2008
  11. Communist Draft Convention (Biological) Weapons and Toxins and on Their Destruction, art. III, Mar. 30, 1971,CCD/325/Rev.1
  12. Convention on Cluster Munitions: Interoperability and National Legislation—The View of the ICRC(2012), Int’l Comm. of The Red Cross 2 , http://www.icrc.org/eng/assets/files/2012/cluster munitionsinteroperability-icrc-2012-09-12.pdf.(visited:17/03/2023)
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  14. Draft articles on Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts, with commentaries, 2001; text adopted by the International Law Commission (ILC)
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    ب) انگلیسی

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    3. Basic Provisions of a Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction, CD/294, July 21, 1982 (U.S.S.R. version).
    4. Bernauer, T. (1993). The end of chemical warfare, Security Dialogue, 24(1),97-112.
    5. Biological Weapons Convention,1972
    6. Black-Branch, J. (2021). The Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons. cambridge.
    7. Bowman, S. (2001). Biological weapons: a primer. N.Y, Novinka Books.
    8. British Proposal Submitted to the Conference of the Committee on Disarmament,Aug. 18, 1970, CCD/225/Rev.2
    9. Chemical Weapons Convention,1993
    10. Cluster Munitions Convention,2008
    11. Communist Draft Convention (Biological) Weapons and Toxins and on Their Destruction, art. III, Mar. 30, 1971,CCD/325/Rev.1
    12. Convention on Cluster Munitions: Interoperability and National Legislation—The View of the ICRC(2012), Int’l Comm. of The Red Cross 2 , http://www.icrc.org/eng/assets/files/2012/cluster munitionsinteroperability-icrc-2012-09-12.pdf.(visited:17/03/2023)
    13. Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on their Destruction (APMBC),1997.
    14. Draft articles on Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts, with commentaries, 2001; text adopted by the International Law Commission (ILC)
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Comparative Law Review
Volume 14, Issue 2
Autumn $ Winter 2023-2024
January 2024
Pages 913-935