A consumer who has purchased a defective car will have rights and privileges after the car is recalled. The car manufacturer is obliged to repair the car, replace the car or refund its price during the transaction. But does the consumer have the right to choose between these three categories of rights? If there is a need to change the car from the manufacturer, will the replacement car be a new car? By researching and pondering the laws of the United States, Australia, and Iran, it is concluded that the consumer does not have the right to choose between the rights resulting from the car recall and cannot choose one of the performance guarantees at will, and in the laws of the United States and Australia, in the case of a car exchange, a new car with zero kilometers will not be delivered to the consumer, or if a new car with zero kilometers is delivered, the difference in the mileage of the defective car must be returned to the manufacturer. Of course, Iranian law is silent on this matter and we do not have an explicit or legal text in this regard that would clarify these issues.
Abdali, Mehrzad. (2012). Comparative study of the basis and limits of liability due to manufacturing defect in the laws of Iran, France and European Community directives. Judicial Law Journal, (78), 177-210 (In Persian).
Abhari, Hamid & Roholahi, Farkhunde. (2018). The seller's right to remedy the seller's defect in the Convention on the International Sale of Goods and Iran's Rights. Legal Research, (16), 29-46 (In Persian).
Adel, Morteza & Ghaffari Farsani, Behnam. (2008). The right of consumers to enjoy safe products. Commercial Research Quarterly, (51), 25-58 (In Persian).
Akin Tansu (2021). RECALL PRACTICE AND LEGISLATION for AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS IN TURKEY., https://akin.av.tr/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Automotive-Recall-in-Turkey.pdf.1-20تاریخ رؤیت: 29 اردیبهشت 1401
Asghari Aqmashhodi, Fakhreddin & Mohammadzadeh, Ali, (2007). Comparative study of the buyer's right to request repair of goods in the 1980 Vienna Convention on the International Sale of Goods and Iranian Laws. Commercial Research Quarterly, (49), 121-143 (In Persian).
Badini, Hassan, and Panthea Panahi Asanlou. (2007). Criticism on the car consumer protection law. Private Law Research Quarterly, 1 (1), 39-64 (In Persian).
Brown Laura SK. (2020). Honda Recalls 1.4 Million Vehicle, including430k for salt corrosion problem, caranddriver, December 16,2020,at: https:www.carranddriver.com\ news\a34990029\honda-civic-fit-accord-acura-ilx-driveshaft-recall\.
Feng Xiaorui Yongqin, Zhang Le Liu, Wenzhao Li (2021). Analysis on the Trends and Characteristics of Vehicle Recalls in the United States Advances in Social Science,, Education and Humanities Research, Vol. 634.Proceedings of the 2021 International Conference on Culture, Design and Social Development (CDSD 2021),. 500- https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.220109.001
Ghasemi Hamid, Abbas & Khalidi Do Borji, Pari. (2011). Responsibility for damages caused to the consumer of defective or dangerous goods in current laws and regulations. Economic Research Quarterly 2(12), 169-186 (In Persian).
Graili, Mohammad Baqer & Karami, Farzaneh. (2013). Comparative study of remedying product defects in Iranian law and the 1980 Vienna Convention on the International Sale of Goods. Safir Noor,/(29), 45-66 (In Persian).
Jaafari Tabar, Hassan. (1996). Civil liability of goods. 1st edition. Tehran: Negh Masahez publishing house (In Persian).
Jassem Anna. (2021). Behavioural study on strategies to improve the effectiveness of product recalls, Final Report, European Commission B-1049 Brussels, European Commission. pp. 1- 190
Kayani, Daud & Idrisi, Farhad. (2012). Responsibility arising from the delivery of defective goods in Iran and England consumer rights protection laws. Legal Reviews, 4 (2), 51-92 (In Persian).
Lingeman Jake. (2020). Kia,Hyudai Recall 600,000 Vehicles for Fire Risk,Autoweek. September 7, pp.1-7, at: https:wwwautoweek.com\news\industry-news\a33926842\kia-hyundai-recall-600000-vehicle-for-fire-risk. تاریخ رؤیت: 11 مهر 1401
Maddi, Sadegh. (2008). Civil responsibility of producers and sellers of goods. Tehran: Mizan, first edition (In Persian).
Maharaj Pranisha,( 2019). Examining the rights of consumers who may have purchased defective vehicles. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree, Masters in Business Law, In the School of Law, at the University of KwaZulu-Natal.1-22
Malik Raisi, Nazar; Mehrparvour, Hossein; Asgarkhani, Abu Mohammad. (2017). Civil-social responsibility of automobile manufacturers. Social Research, (41), 51-35 (In Persian).
Masterson, Patrick (2020). The 10 biggest Recalls ik 2019. cars.com, pp.1-10 January 14, , at https:www.cars.com\articles\the-10-biggest-recalls-in-2019-416-480. تاریخ رؤیت: 11 مهر 1401
McKenzie Baker. (2022). Global Product Recall Handbook, Fourth Edition, www.bakermckenzie.com. تاریخ رؤیت: 24 اردیبهشت 1401
Meville NJ. (2013). Advisory note 1 - Consumers rights regarding defective goods, 9 August 2013 available at http://www.cgso.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/CGSO-ADVISORY-NOTE-1-RETURNS-REVISION- 2.pdf تاریخ رؤیت: 23 اردیبهشت 1401
Meyer Marshall W. (2020). covid lockdowns, social distancing, and fatal car crashes: more deaths on Hobbesian highways? PubMed centra1, u .s. national institutes of health, national library of medicine,December 21, 2020, at https: ncbi.nlm.gov\pmc\article\PMC7751747
Monticello Mike. (2019). Car safety systems that could save your life, consumer reports. june 25, 2019, at https:www.consumerreports.org\automotive-technology\car-safety-systems-that-could-save- your-life.1-20
Muoio, Danielle. (2016). 19 Companies Racing to Put Self-Driving Cars on the Road By 2021, Insider. Accessed April 5, 2016. Available at:http://www.businessinsider. com/compames-making-driverless-cars-by-2020-2016-10/#honda-is-aiming-to- produce-cars-that-are-completely-driverless-on-highways-by-2020-13.
Parsa, Nahid; Abhari, Hamid; Mafi Homayoun. (2021). Comparative study of vehicle defect diagnosis rules in Iranian, British and American laws. Studies in Comparative Law, (12), 397-415 (In Persian).
Pourasdi, Mohammad; Pourasdi Shahin; Ashraf Al-Katabi, Avisha. (2013). Effects of the civil liability of car manufacturers in the light of the regulations protecting the rights of car consumers, in Iranian law and other legal systems. Traffic Management Studies (23), 111-144 (In Persian).
Psarommate, foivos. (2019). zero defect manufacturing: state- of- the-art review, shortcoming and future directing in research.international journal of production Rese http:// doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2019.1605228.
Sajn Nikolina. (2022). Right to repair. EPRS | European Parliamentary Research Service, Members' Research Service PE 698.869. pp. 1-14.
Sharaft Pima, Mohammadreza & Kameli, Jafar. (2016). The right to replace and repair goods in the 1980 Convention on the International Sale of Goods and Iranian Law. International Relations Research Quarterly 1, (26), 104-79 (In Persian).
shepardson David. (2021). s. agency orders ford to recall 3 million vehicles over air bags. Reuters, January 19, 2021, at: https: www. Reuters.com\article\us-ford-recall\u-s- agency-orders-ford-to-recall-3-million-vehicles-over-air-bags-iduskbn290210?il=
Takim, Stephen Luckyand Bebeteidoh. (2015). Manufacturing Defects in the Automobile Industry, a Case Study of the Remote Causes and Effects of Toyota’s Transmission Malfunctionsin Cars. IJEAS, 2, 15-28.
B) Websites
Consumer Reports ,Product Reviews , https://www.consumerreports.org/car-recalls-defects/car-recall-guide-questions-answered. Available at 2022/5/21
Who Can Be Liable for a Crash Caused by a Vehicle Recall? https://www.gregcolemanlaw.com/blog/liability-if-vehicle-recall-causes-crash.html. Available at 2022/5/19.
C) Awards
D and H Piping Systems (Pty) Ltd v Trans Hex Group Ltd and Another 2006 (3) 593 (SCA).
Silvio v. Ford Motor Company, 109 Cal. App. 4th 1205 (2003).
Oregel v. American Isuzu Motors, Inc., 90 Cal. App. 4th 1094 (2001).
Martinez v. Kia Motors America, Inc., 193 Cal. App. 4th 187 (2011).
parsa, N. (2023). A Comparative Study of Automotive Consumer Rights in the US, Australian and Iranian Laws. Comparative Law Review, 14(2), 635-653. doi: 10.22059/jcl.2022.343485.634364
MLA
Nahid parsa. "A Comparative Study of Automotive Consumer Rights in the US, Australian and Iranian Laws", Comparative Law Review, 14, 2, 2023, 635-653. doi: 10.22059/jcl.2022.343485.634364
HARVARD
parsa, N. (2023). 'A Comparative Study of Automotive Consumer Rights in the US, Australian and Iranian Laws', Comparative Law Review, 14(2), pp. 635-653. doi: 10.22059/jcl.2022.343485.634364
VANCOUVER
parsa, N. A Comparative Study of Automotive Consumer Rights in the US, Australian and Iranian Laws. Comparative Law Review, 2023; 14(2): 635-653. doi: 10.22059/jcl.2022.343485.634364