Compulsory Licensing as a Measure for Control of Competition Challenges of Mergers: A Comparative Study in E.U and Iranian Law

Document Type : Research Paper

Author

Abstract

Undertakings seeking to utilize potentials of mergers in order to improve their dynamic efficiency may confront with competition challenges. Accordingly Competition Authorities in balancing the necessity of removing competition concerns and providing a chance for gaining merger benefits, try to employ different remedies at waiting period. Compulsory licensing has proved itself as a relative efficient remedy for competition modifying of proposed mergers in IP domain. This research in the light of EU related rules as a leading legal system in this field, is going to determine the situation of compulsory licensing among competition remedies, its contents and framework in particular field of mergers, enumerate its benefits and deficiencies and provide an optimized model for compulsory licensing which has effective function in making balance between competition and innovation considerations of proposed mergers. The comparison of achieved results of comparative study with approaches of Iranian law, makes clear that different aspects of compulsory licensing and giving competition validity to mergers and particular standards have been neglected and existing rules of competition and IP law suffer from wrong procedures and flaws which necessitate review of related rules.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

  1. منابع الف) فارسی

     

    1. جعفرزاده، میرقاسم و ناطق نوری، سوده، (1391)، «»تحلیل رقابتی امتناع از صدور مجوز بهره‌ برداری از حقوق آفرینش‌ های فکری»«، مجله مجلۀ تحقیقات حقوقی، شماره 61. (صفحات 41- 91)
    2. رهبری، ابراهیم و جعفری چالشتری، محمود (1394)،»  « امتناع یک‌ جانبه از اعطای لیسانس اختراع؛ تأملی تطبیقی در رهیافت‌های حقوق رقابت اآمریکا، اتحادیه اتحادیۀ اروپا و ایران»«، دانشنامه دانشنامۀ حقوق اقتصادی، شماره. 7. (صفحات 22-48)

     

    منابع ب) انگلیسی

    1. Anderman, Steven (2007), ,The Interface Between Intellectual Property Rights and Competition Policy, Cambridge University Press, UK.
    2. Bertelsen, Erik et al (2011), Competition Law in Denmark, Kluwer Law International, Netherlands.
    3. Clarke, Roger & Morgan, Eleanor (2006),New Developments in UK and EU Competition Policy, Edward Elgar Publishing, UK.
    4. DOJ Antitrust Division (2011), "Policy Guide to Merger Remedies"; Available at: https://www.justice.gov/atr/public/guidelines/272350.pdf
    5. European Commission (2005),"Merger Remedies Study Public Version"; Available at: ec.europa.eu/competition/mergers/legislation/remedies_study.pdf
    6. Ezrachi, Ariel (2011),, Under (and Over) Prescribing of Behavioural Remedies, Working Paper (L) 13/05The University of Oxford Centre for Competition Law and Policy; Available at: https://www.law.ox.ac.uk/sites/files/oxlaw/cclp_l_13-05.pdf
    7. Ghidini, Gustavo (2010), Innovation, Competition and Consumer Welfare in Intellectual Property Law, Edward Elgar, UK.
    8. Ghidini, Gustavo (2006), Intellectual Property and Competition Law, Edward Elgar, UK.
    9. Glader, Marcus (2006), Innovation Markets and Competition Analysis: EU Competition Law and US Antitrust Law, Edward Elgar Publishing, UK.
    10. Hoehn, Thomas & Lewis, Alex (2012),"Interoperability Remedies and Innovation: A Review of Recent Case Law"; Available at: https://workspace.imperial.ac.uk/business-school/Public/IP-Research-Centre/Interoperability%20remedies%20and%20innovation-%20a%20review%20of%20recent%20case%20law.pdf
    11. Hovenkamp, Herbert  et al (2015), IP and Antitrust: An Analysis of Antitrust Principles Applied to Intellectual Property, Wolters Kluwer Law & Business, Netherlands.
    12. Lindsay, Alistair & Berridge, Alison (2012), The EU Merger Regulation: Substantive Issues, Sweet & Maxwell, UK.
    13. Marsden, Philip (2008), Handbook of Research in Trans-Atlantic Antitrust, Edward Elgar Publishing, UK.
    14. Proger, Philip & Oliver, Geoffry (2008), "Antitrust Angle: Antitrust Implications of Mergers and Acquisitions Involving Intellectual Property", Thamson West legal Works, Vol. 12, Issue. 3.
    15. Ritter, Lennart & Braun, David (2005), European Competition Law: A Practitioner's Guide, Kluwer Law International, Netherlands.
    16. Sher, Scott & Kemp, Kellie (2014), "A Comparative Analysis of the Use of Merger Remedies in Technology Industries"; Available at: https://www.wsgr.com/publications/PDFSearch/sher-kemp-1214.pdf
    17. Sher, Scott (2002),"Non-structural Remedies in High-technology Markets, Clayton Act Newsletter", Vol. 3, No. 1.
    18. Sturiale, Jennifer (2012), "Compulsory Licensing of Intellectual Property As Merger Remedy: A Decision-Theoretic Approach", Louisiana Law Review, Vol. 72, No. 3.
    19. Trattner, Marina (2016), ,Assessment of Anti-innovative Mergers in High Technology Markets, Master Thesis, Lund University, Sweden.
    20. Verloop, Peter et al (2003), ,Merger Control in Europe: EU, Member States and Accession States, Kluwer Law International, Netherlands.
    21. Weinreich-Zhao, Tingting (2015), Chinese Merger Control Law, Springer, Germany.

     

     

Comparative Law Review
Volume 10, Issue 1
April 2019
Pages 157-175

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics