Reference In a Bill of Lading to a Charterparty: Seeking Intention of the Parties

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Faculty of Law, Shahid beheshti university, Tehran, Iran

2 International commercial law, Shahid Beheshti university, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

The holder of a bill of lading hardly ever has the chance and right to see the referred charterparties' terms and conditions. On the one hand, binding the holder of the bill of lading to the terms and conditions which he is not aware of seems unjust and therefore the incorporated clauses might be deemed invalid. On the other hand, dependency of the validity of the contract to the parties' awareness of their rights and obligation endangers commercial certainty. While in some legal systems such as United States of America and France, a general reference is capable of incorporating all of the charterparties' terms and conditions into bill of lading, according to English law an specific reference is required to incorporate ancillary clauses such as jurisdiction clause. Studying sources of Iran's law it could be concluded that the Iranian courts' probable solution should be very similar to the English law's approach.

Keywords

References

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ب) خارجی

 

- books and articles

 

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- Judicial Decisions

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  5. Caresse Navigation Ltd v. Zurich Assurance MAROC and others (The Channel Ranger) [2014] EWCA 1366 (CA)
  6. Cargill Ferrous International v. Sea Phoenix 2003 AMC 1027, 325 F 3d 695 (5th Cir 2003).
  7. Ceval Alimentos S.A v. Agrimpex Trading Co Ltd (The Northern Progress) (No.2) [1996] 2 Lloyd's Rep. 319.
  8. Continental Ins. Co. v. Polish S.S. Co. 346 F.3d 281, C.A.2 (N.Y.), 2003.
  9. Continental Insurance Company v. M/V Nikos N 2002 AMC 1287 (SDNY 2002)
  10. Continental UK Ltd v. Anagel Confidence Compania Naviera SA 1987 AMC 2012 (SDNY 1987).
  11. Court of Cassation, Commercial Chamber, 21 February 2006 (The‘Pella’).
  12. Court of Cassation, First Civil Chamber, 22 November 2005 (The ‘Lindos’)
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  14. Finska Cellulosaforeningen v. Westfield Paper Co Ltd [1940] 2 All ER 473.
  15. Fort Shipping Co Ltd v. Pederson & Co (1924) 19 L1.L. Rep. 26.
  16. Gardner v. Trechmann (1884) 15 Q.B.D.
  17. Hamilton v. Mackie, 5 T.L.R. 677 (C.A. 1889)
  18. Impala Warehousing and Logistics (Shanghai) Co. Ltd v. Wanxiang Resources (Singapore) Pte. Ltd [2015] EWHC 25 (Comm)
  19. Limonium Maritime SA v. Mizushima Marinera SA F Supp 2d 1999 WL 46721 (SDNY 1999).
  20. Lowry & Co v. SS Nadir 1965 AMC 1340 (SDNY 1963)
  21. Miramar Maritime Corporation v. Holborn Oil Trading Limited (The Miramar) [1984] AC.
  22. Production Steel Co of Illinois v. SS Francios LD 1968 AMC 2529 (SDNY 1968).
  23. Siboti K/S v. BP France SA [2003] 2 Lloyd's Rep 364.
  24. Skips A/S Nordheim v. Syrian Petroleum Co Ltd (The Varenna) [1984] Q.B. 599.
  25. T. W. Thomas & Co. Ltd v. Portsea S.S. Co. Ltd, A.C. 1 (HL 1912); (The Portsmouth.)
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  27. The Eems Solar [2013] 2 Lloyd's Rep 487.
  28. The Merak, 2 Lloyd’s Rep. 527 (C.A. 1965).
  29. The San Nicholas [1976] 1 Lloyd's Rep. 8.

The Sevonia Team [1983] 2 Lloyd's Rep. 640.

Comparative Law Review
Volume 10, Issue 1
April 2019
Pages 1-20

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