Comparative Law Review

Comparative Law Review

A comparative study of the institution of order to accept debt and ‎payment in French modern law of obligations and compare it with ‎similar institutions in Iranian law

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors
Ali Kazemi
Nader Pourarshad
Department of Law, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
10.22059/jcl.2025.373845.634617
Abstract
In 2016, the French legislator, as part of the new reforms in the law of obligations, introduced a tripartite legal institution called Délégation (Delegation) in Article 1336 of the Civil Code. This was done to facilitate payment methods and in line with the legislator's economic approach to obligations law. This institution was presented alongside other mechanisms such as novation, debt assignment, claim transfer, and simple payment orders. In French legal scholarship, Délégation is classified into two types: complete and incomplete. Although it bears similarities to remittance contracts, novation, and payment mechanisms under international trade law, it is regarded as an independent contract because it arises at the stage of contract formation (rather than as a consequence of a contract), regardless of the existence or nonexistence of an underlying obligation. In both forms, its validity is independent of the underlying contract, and in the relationship between the delegator and the beneficiary, the principle of non-consideration of defects applies. This feature makes Délégation particularly attractive and economically efficient compared to other similar institutions. Although the Iranian legislator has not explicitly recognized such an institution, its application within the Iranian law of obligations does not face any legal obstacle under Article 10 of the Civil Code. Moreover, due to its unique characteristics, it can help reduce frequent and repetitive lawsuits in the courts.Scientific-research.
Keywords
Order
obligation
‎fulfillment
simple order
‎incomplete order).‎
Subjects
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Comparative Law Review
Volume 16, Issue 1 - Serial Number 31
Spring & Summer 2025
June 2025
Pages 331-353