Comparative analysis of natural gas storage legal and contractual ‎frameworks in Iran and England ‎

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Law, Energy, and International Trade Law Department, Faculty of Law, College of ‎Farabi University of Tehran, Qom, Iran‎

2 ‎Department of Oil and Gas Law, Energy and International Trade Law Department Faculty of Law, ‎College of Farabi University of Tehran, Qom, Iran‎

Abstract

Energy security is one of the substantial objectives of the countries’ policy-making and regulatory regimes. Therefore, gas storage has been paid attention to as a tool for developing security and responding to customers’ need in the case of demand surge in the different countries. Moreover, due to strategic reasons and to decrease the impacts of the political situation of the gas-producing countries, utilizing storage mechanisms has been noticeably welcomed by the gas-importing countries. Nevertheless, specific laws and regulations of gas storage which contain its exclusive requirements have yet to be enacted and set out.
The storage arrangements could be developed under different mechanisms including contracts. In Iran, Build, Operate, and Transfer (BOT) contracts are being used as the storage project granting instruments with retaining the governmental ownership; however, the licensing system containing transfer of ownership to the private sector along with the legal basis for the third party access is a prominent arrangement for such projects in England. Despite flaws and deficiencies in the relevant Iranian contractual arrangements, the more incentivized investment could be achieved with focusing on the storage activities and operation status, utilizing the produced hydrocarbons (gas) and the legal options and tools based on which the transfer of the ownership to investors is possible including title to storage installations.

Keywords

Main Subjects


  1. الف) فارسی

    1. آذین، رضا (1388). ذخیره‌سازی گاز طبیعی در مخازن تخلیه‌شدۀ نفت و گاز زیر‌زمینی. مجلۀ مهندسی شیمی ایران، (40)، 52-45.
    2. جعفری صمیمی، احمد؛ برادران هاشمی، احمد؛ دهقانی، تورج (1385). الگوی بررسی اثر ذخیره‌سازی گاز طبیعی بر نوسانات قیمت آن. مجلۀ تحقیقات اقتصادی دانشگاه تهران، (76)، 119-142.
    3. رحمانی، علی‌اکبر (1388). فرهنگ واژگان نفت و گاز، چاپ اول، تهران: انتشارات آفتاب اندیشه.
    4. رحیمی، غلامعلی؛ دهقانی، تورج؛ رضاعلی‌پور، مسعود (1396). صنعت نفت و گاز به زبان ساده، چاپ اول، تهران: انتشارات هزاره سوم.
    5. شاعری، رضا؛ کوهستانی، بهنام؛ دهقان‌پور، حسن (1384). انواع مخازن زیرزمینی ذخیرۀ گاز طبیعی و معیارهای طراحی آن، دهمین گنگرۀ ملی مهندسی شیمی ایران، دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان، 24- 37.
    6. شیروی، عبدالحسین (1394). قراردادهای بی او تی: تنظیم، ساختار و قوانین حاکم، چاپ اول، تهران: نشر میزان.
    7. عظیم‌زاده آرانی، محمد (1397). جایگاه تنظیم‌گری در فرایند خصوصی‌سازی صنعت گاز، مطالعۀ موردی، بازار گاز ایران. فصلنامۀ مطالعات راهبردی سیاست‌گذاری عمومی، 8 (29)، 225- 247.

     

    ب) انگلیسی

    1. Atoyebi (2010). The Preferred Natural Gas Conservation Option: Underground Storage of Natural Gas, SPE136984 , 34th annual SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition, Tinapa - Calabar, Nigeria, 1-10.
    2. Azimzadeh Arani ,M .(2109). The position of regulation in the process of privatizing the gas industry, case study: Iran's gas market, Journal Strategic Studies of Public Policy, Vol. 8, Issue. 29, 225 -247 (In Persian).
    3. Azin,R .(2009). Storage of Natural Gas in Depleted Underground Oil and Gas Reservoirs, Iranian Chemical Engineering Journal , Vol. 8, (40) 45-52 (In Persian).
    4. Chabrelie, M. (2000). Innovation for Increased Efficiency, et al., Underground Gas Storage: Technological CEDIGAZ, France.
    5. Chang, S.H, & Robinson, P .(2019). Science and Technology, 1st ed, Springer.
    6. Heal, W. (1990). From Monopoly to Competition, Marketing Natural Gas in UK, Journal Of Utilities Policy, 54-64.
    7. Jafari Samimi, A, Baradaran,H, Dehghani,T. (2006). A Model to Study the Effect of Gas Storage on the Natural Gas Price Volatilities, Economic Research, , No. 76 P119-142 (In Persian).
    8. Kotlowski, A .(2007). Third-party Access Rights in the Energy Sector: A Competition Law Perspective, Utilities Law Review, Vol. 16, No. 3,p 101-109.
    9. Rahimi,G, Dehghani,T, Rezaeipour,M.(2017). Fundamentals oil and gas industry, 1st ed. Edition,Tehran, Hezareh Sevom (In Persian).
    10. Rahmani, A.A. (2009). An Illustrated Dictionary of Oil and Gas, 1st ed. Edition,Tehran, Aftab Andisheh (In Persian).
    11. Roberts ,P. (2016).Oil and Gas contracts Principles and Practice, 3rd Ed, UK, Sweet and Maxwell.
    12. Shaeri, R; Kohestani; B, Dehghanpour, H. (2005). The Types of Underground Gas Storage and the methods of their designing,10th National Iranian Chemical Engineering Congress, University of Sistan & Baluchestan, 24-37 (In Persian).
    13. Shiravi, A. (2015). BOT Contracts, Drafting, Structure and Governing Laws, 1st ed , Tehran: Mizan (In Persian).
    14. Spence, D. (2008). Can Law Manage Competitive Energy Markets, Cornell Law.