تحلیل کیفرشناختی تبعیض طبقاتی در تعیین و اجرای کیفر اعدام در جرایم مواد مخدر؛ مطالعۀ تطبیقی

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه حقوق کیفری و جرم‌شناسی دانشکدۀ حقوق، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.

2 گروه حقوق کیفری و جرم‌شناسی دانشکدۀ حقوق، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

چکیده

پژوهش‌های کیفرشناختی در جرایم مواد مخدر، الگوی ثابتی از آسیب‌پذیری طبقات تهیدست و در عین حال، مصونیت طبقات مرفه از مجازات‌های شدید را نشان می‌دهد. از این رهگذر با بهره‌گیری از تجربۀ سایر کشورها، پژوهش حاضر در صدد پاسخ‌گویی به این پرسش است که پایگاه اجتماعی- اقتصادی بزهکاران چه تأثیری بر روند فرایند کیفری جرایم مواد مخدر مستوجب اعدام در ایران دارد. در این راستا از روش تحلیل محتوای اسناد و مدارک، ازجمله 74 نمونه از پرونده‌های قضایی محکومان مواد مخدر در بازۀ زمانی 1389 تا 1399 استفاده شده است. همچنین از روش مصاحبۀ عمیق با کنشگران قضایی و وکلای متخصص، مأموران مبارزه با مواد و محکومان جرایم مواد مخدر (جمعاً 37 مورد) بهره‌ برده شده است. داده‌های حاصل از این تحقیق نشان می‌دهد اجرای تبعیض‌آمیز مقررات ناظر بر کشف جرم و توزین مواد مخدر، تبعیض‌های غیرمستقیم ناشی از وضعیت اقتصادی متهم (تفاوت در عملکرد وکلای تعیینی و تسخیری)، وجود فرصت‌های فساد به‌واسطۀ سود هنگفت قاچاق مواد مخدر و البته تأثیر فساد قضایی بر جابه‌جایی نقش‌ها و تغییر عنوان اتهامی، عواملی هستند که در کاهش احتمال دستگیری، تعقیب و محکومیت قاچاقچیان اصلی و در عین حال، افزایش احتمال محکومیت بزهکاران رده‌پایین به اعدام اثرگذارند. افزون بر اینها، عدم شفافیت و تبعیض‌آمیز بودن تصمیمات کمیسیون عفو و بخشودگی زمینه‌ای برای رهایی بزهکاران مرفه از اعدام در مرحلۀ اجرای حکم است. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Penological Analysis of Class Discrimination in Sentencing and Administration of the Death Penalty in Drug Offenses (Comparative study)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sana Kazempour 1
  • Mohammad Farajiha 2
  • Mohammad Jafar Habibzadeh 2
1 Department of Criminal law and criminology, Faculty of Law, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Criminal law and criminology, Faculty of Law, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Sentencing studies in drug offenses show a consistent pattern of the vulnerability of the lower-class offenders and the immunity of the high-class offenders from severe punishments. The current study seeks to answer how the socio-economic status of offenders as an extra-legal factor affects the criminal process of drug offenses eligible death penalty. In this qualitative study, the content of documents, including 74 cases of drug offenses convictions between 2010 and 2020, have been analyzed. In-depth interviews with judicial activists, drug lawyers, Drug Control Headquarters officers, and convicted drug offenders (37 cases) were also used. Our Findings indicate that defendants in criminal prosecution are faced with discriminatory enforcement of Crime detection laws and drug weighing control. Also, Institutional discrimination in the judicial process (the significant differences in performance of Court-Appointed Lawyers and private lawyers), more importantly, Drug-related judicial Corruption and, as a result, charge movement or charge reduction of high-classes offenders (The collection of all these factors) dramatically reduce the probability of prosecuting and convicting high-level traffickers and increase the probability of sentencing low-level drug offenders to the death penalty. In addition, the lack of transparency and discrimination in the clemency process is an opportunity to prevent high-level drug offenders from execution.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Death Penalty
  • Discrimination
  • DrugOffenses
  • Judicial Corruption
  • Socioeconomic Status

مراجع

  1. منابع

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مطالعات حقوق تطبیقی
دوره 14، شماره 2
پاییز و زمستان 1402
دی 1402
صفحه 965-1000

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