افشای اطلاعات طبقه‌بندی‌شده از سوی پایگاه ویکی‌لیکس؛ تقابلی نوین میان حق دسترسی به اطلاعات و امنیت ملی

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار گروه حقوق عمومی دانشکدۀ حقوق و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه تهران

2 دانش‌آموختۀ کارشناسی ارشد حقوق بین‌الملل دانشکدۀ حقوق و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

افشای اطلاعات طبقه‌بندی‌شدۀ مرتبط با نفع عموم، به یکی از چالش‌های عمدۀ حقوقی در چند سال اخیر تبدیل شده است. در دهه‌های گذشته تقابل میان حق مردم به دریافت اطلاعات و «اصل حاکمیت و رضایت قبلی» در قالب رسانه‌های سنتی (پخش مستقیم ماهواره‌ای) به نفع «اصل جریان آزاد اطلاعات» حل شد و محدودیت امنیت ملی جایگزین تقابل شد. اما امروزه پایگاه ویکی‌لیکس با دسترسی به اطلاعات طبقه‌بندی‌شدۀ دولت‌ها و انتشار آن‌ها، تقابل نوینی از حق دسترسی به اطلاعات دولتی و امنیت ملی دولت‌ها را به نمایش گذاشته است. ازاین‌رو در پژوهش پیش‌روی برآنیم تا ضمن بررسی این تقابل، دربارۀ راه‌های حقوقی تعامل و همزیستی افشای اطلاعات طبقه‌بندی شده و امنیت ملی در قالب حق دسترسی به اطلاعات و اسناد دولتی به کاوش بپردازیم.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Disclosure of Classified Information by Wikileaks: A new Conflict Between The Right of Access to Information and National Security

نویسندگان [English]

  • Abbasali Kadkhodaee 1
  • Hiwa Hajimolla 2
1 Associate Professor of Public Law, Faculty of Law and Political Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran,Iran.
2 MA in International Law, Faculty of Law and Political Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran,Iran.
چکیده [English]

Disclosure of classified public interest information has become one of the major legal challenges in recent years. In the past decades the conflict between the right of people to receive information and principle of sovereignty within the framework of traditional media (Direct Broadcast Satellite) resolved in favor of  principle of free flow of information and the said conflict was replaced by the exception of national security. But nowadays, Wikileaks by access to classified information and disseminating them, has shown new conflict between the right of access to information held by the Government and national security. So in this research, besides of analyzing this conflict, we are going to study legal ways of coexistence between Disclosure of classified information and national security within of the right of access to document and information held by the Government.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • right to information
  • National security
  • Wikileaks
  • classified information
  • information concerning human rights violation
  1. الف) فارسی:

    1. انصاری، باقر (1387آزادی اطلاعات، تهران، دادگستر.

    2.نمک‌دوست تهرانی، حسن (1383)، آزادی اطلاعات و حق دسترسی: بنیان دمکراسی، مجلس و پژوهش، تهران، ش42، ص 108-63.

    ب) خارجی:

    • §         کتاب‌هاو مقاله‌ها

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    • §         آرای قضایی

    -    European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR), (2000), Rotaru v. Romania,Judgment, 4 May.

    -    ECtHR., (1991), Observer and Guardian v. United Kingdom, Judgment, 26 November.

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    • اسناد و گزارشها

    -    H. R. Committee, (2011), General Comment No. 34, 21 July.

    -    H. R. Committee, (1988), General comment, no. 16, 8 April, para. 10.

    -    H. R. Committee, (1983), General Comment no. 10, 29 June.

    -    UN. H. R. Council., Report of 4 June 2012, A/HRC/20/17.

    -    .Council of  Europe, (2007), Fair Trial Issues in Criminal Cases Concerning Espionage or Divulging State Secrets, Resolution, 19 April.

    -    Council of Europe, (2000), The Right of Journalists Not To Disclose Their Sources of Information, Recommendation, 8 March.